Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861-1881
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Contents
Slavery & Abolitionism |
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- Aboard the Underground Railroad: A National Registry Travel Itinerary The National Park Service discusses the history of the Underground Railroad and lists "stations" on the routes.
- Abolition: The African American Mosaic The Library of Congress presents an online exhibition about the abolition movement including photos, documents, artifacts, and more.
- Abolition Seminar: 50 Essential Documents Lists fifty documents relating to slavery and the abolition movement.
- Africans in America From PBS, this is the companion site to the film of the same title that explores the history of slavery in America with images, documents, biographies and more.
- Anti-Slavery Manuscripts Assembles abolitionist writings including pamphlets, letters, broadsides, books, and more from the Boston Public Library.
- Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938 In the 1930s, the Works Progress Administration sponsored the Federal Writers' Project that recorded the experiences of African Americans who were born as slaves. This site holds the collection of oral histories.
- Digital Library on American Slavery The University of North Carolina at Greensboro maintains this collection about American slavery including the Race and Slavery Petition Project, North Carolina Runaway Slave Advertisements, Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, and more.
- Freedom on the Move: A Database of Fugitive Ads Cornell University provides this database of fugitive slave ads.
- Gilder Lehrman Center for the Study of Slavery, Resistance, and Abolition Here you'll find a wealth of information on slavery, the abolition movement, and the end of slavery.
- Harriet Tubman National Historical Park Tells the story of Harriet Tubman and her activities with the Underground Railroad and civil rights for African Americans and women.
- Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Historic Park Created in 2014, this Maryland plantation, where she was born, tells the story of Harriet Tubman and her role in the Underground Railroad.
- The Nat Turner Project Tells the story of the 1831 slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, led by Nat Turner and includes primary sources, from Meredith College.
- National Underground Railroad Freedom Center Tells the story of the Underground Railroad and its heroes.
- North American Slave Narratives Compiles a collection of slave narratives that were published before 1920.
- Penn and Slavery Project Investigates the history of slavery at the University of Pennsylvania and in the state. Researched and written by undergrad students.
- The Revised Dred Scot Collection Explore the life of Dred Scot and his quest for freedom by viewing documents from the trials.
- Rokeby Museum Explore the Vermont home of the Robinson family from 1796-1961. It served as a station on the Underground Railroad.
- Slavery and the Making of a University Focuses on the contributions of slaves, college servants, and freed persons make to the University of North Carolina.
- Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database Documents the slave voyages during the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade.
- Whitney Plantation The Haydel Family’s plantation in Wallace, Louisiana became a museum in 2014. It is the only plantation museum that focuses on slavery before the Civil War.
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Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1865VICE PRESIDENT FIRST LADY
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
HISTORIC EVENTS
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- Abraham Lincoln The Miller Center provides biographical essays, facts, insights, speeches, photos, and other resources.
- Abraham Lincoln Lists biographical facts, election results, Cabinet members, notable events, online biographies, historic documents, and other resources about Abraham Lincoln.
- Abraham Lincoln: The 16th President of the United States The White House summarizes the life and presidency of Abraham Lincoln.
- Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park See the first Lincoln Memorial and the symbolic birth cabin with biographies of Abraham Lincoln and his family.
- Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum The official site of the library and museum honoring our 16th president. Here you can find out about the life of President Lincoln and the museum in Springfield, Illinois.
- Abraham Lincoln Research Site Profiles the life and accomplishments of President Abraham Lincoln.
- The Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana Located at Mississippi State University, this collection explores the life and times of Abraham Lincoln, gathered by Rhode Island Chief Justice Frank Williams and his wife.
- Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial Dig into the fourteen years Abraham Lincoln spent on this Indiana farm growing up.
- Lincoln Heritage Museum Explore the life and legacy of Abraham Lincoln. This museum is at Lincoln College in Lincoln, Illinois.
- Lincoln Home National Historic Site This is the official site for Abraham Lincoln's Home in Springfield, Illinois, by the National Park Service. There's a lot of information about Lincoln including his speeches, essays, photos, family, other links, and more.
- Lincoln Log Cabin State Historic Site Preserves the site in Lerna, Illinois, where Thomas Lincoln and Sarah Bush Lincoln built their home in Illinois as their son, Abraham, was practicing law in Springfield.
- Lincoln Memorial Profiles the life of our 16th President of the United States and history of the memorial.
- Lincoln Tomb Describes the history of Lincoln's tomb and get a virtual tour of it.
- Lincoln’s New Salem Explore the village where Lincoln lived as a young adult just outside of Springfield.
- With Malice Towards None: The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Exhibition Describes the life of Abraham Lincoln and his thoughts and words, created by the Library of Congress.
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
- Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress The Library of Congress has digitalized the papers and biographical materials of Abraham Lincoln including correspondence, speeches, and more.
- Abraham Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
- Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address
- The Address: A Film by Ken Burns The companion website to the film that explores the impact of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address including at Greenwood School in Putney, Vermont, where students learn and even memorize the address.
- The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln Presents the digital edition of the eight volume set compiled in 1953 of the writings of our sixteenth president.
- Gettysburg Address Describes the history of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and includes images of the Nicolay copy and information about preserving documents.
- Lincoln/Net From Northern Illinois University, this site houses primary sources on Abraham Lincoln when he was in Illinois including his writings, speeches, and more.
HISTORIC EVENTS
- Abraham Lincoln's Assassination This site, developed by a retired history teacher, explores the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
- Emancipation Proclamation Explains the background behind Lincoln's proclamation and provides images of the original document.
- Ford’s Theatre Explore Ford’s Theatre where John Wilkes Booth shot President Abraham Lincoln.
- Ford's Theatre National Historic Site Incorporates Star Saloon, where John Wilkes Booth had a drink before going to the theatre; Ford's Theatre, where John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln; and the Petersen House, where Abraham Lincoln died.
- Homestead Act (1862) Act passed in 1862 that sold 160 acres of public surveyed land for a nominal fee and five years of residency.
- Homestead National Monument of America From the National Park Service, discusses the Homestead Act of 1862 and the national park honoring it in Beatrice, Nebraska.
- The Lincoln Log Discover what President Abraham Lincoln did on any given day.
- Morrill Act (1862) Sponsored by Senator Justin Morrill of Vermont, this act gave funding for new western states for institutions of higher learning.
- Mr. Lincoln's White House Sponsored by the Lehrman Institute, this site describes Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States including the people who surrounded him day by day in the White House, those who visited him, what the White House looked like during his presidency, and more.
- New York Draft Riots Describes New York's frustrations with the Civil War which led to rioting in 1863.
- Pacific Railway Act (1862) Provides the original document of the act that allowed funding for a transcontinental railway.
- Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Bill passed as framework for readmitting the rebelling states, however Lincoln refused to sign it.
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Civil War, 1861-1865
General |
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- The American Civil War West Point U.S. Military Academy gathers maps relating to the Civil War.
- American Civil War Homepage Presents a listing of Civil War websites.
- American Civil War Museum Located in Virginia this museum is actually three: the Historic Tredegar Iron Works, the Confederate White House, and at Appomattox where the Lee surrendered to Grant.
- Andersonville National Historic Site Camp Sumter military prison at Andersonville was the largest Confederate prisons for Union prisoners of war. 45,000 soldiers were confined here and over 13,000 of them died here.
- Andersonville Virtual Field Trip PBS Learning and GPB Education present this look at Andersonville Prison.
- Britain and the American Civil War Explores Great Britain's diplomatic relationship between the United States and between the Confederacy during the Civil War, from the British Library.
- The Civil War Presents over 7000 pages of original Civil War documents, illustrations, photographs, and eye-witness accounts. The full run of Harper's Weekly newspapers are included here.
- The Civil War Examine the National Park Service’s collection from the Civil War including stories, biographies, links to related parks and monuments, and more.
- Civil War @ Smithsonian Explore the Civil War artifacts from the Smithsonian's collection. Includes a timeline and links to other Internet resources.
- Civil War Academy Covers the Civil War including battles, leaders, weapons, and uniforms but also looks at food, medicine, music, and more.
- Civil War Battlefield Medicine Takes a look at how wounded and sick soldiers were treated and how disease was a big enemy to both the North and the South.
- Civil War.com An excellent resource about the Civil War including an overview, battle summaries and reports, maps, travel sites, and more.
- Civil War Maps From the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, the Virginia Historical Society, and the Library of Virginia, this site contains over 2000 maps from the Civil War.
- Civil War Museum This museum in Kenosha, Wisconsin, focuses on how the Civil War affected people living in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
- Civil War Trust This organization's mission to preserve and protect Civil War battle sites. Under Student Resources, there is a lot of information about the Civil War with puzzles and quizzes.
- The Crisis of the Union A collection of documents pertaining to the causes, the actions, and the aftermath of the Civil War from the University of Pennsylvania Department of History.
- Drum Barracks Discusses the history of Drum Barracks in California and the state's role during the Civil War.
- Illinois in the Civil War Describes the sacrifices and contributions Illinois provided during the Civil war; includes rosters, flags, other resources, and more.
- National Civil War Museum Located in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, this museum focuses on the "human side of the conflict."
- National Civil War Naval Museum Explores the naval history of the Civil War including the wreckage of the CSS Chattahoochee, the last surviving Confederate ship CSS Jackson, and more.
- National Museum of Civil War Medicine Discusses medicine during the Civil War with primary sources and artifacts.
- The Official Records of the War of the Rebellion Provides access to official records and reports from both Union and Confederate Armies.
- The Southern Museum of Civil War and Locomotive History Features the locomotive The General which was a key element in the Great Locomotive Chase of 1862.
- Valley of the Shadow: Two Communities in the American Civil War Explores the lives of two communities during the Civil War (Franklin Co., Pennsylvania and Augusta Co., Virginia) with letters, diaries, newspapers, speeches, church and census records, and more.
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Confederate States of America |
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- Constitution of the Confederate States of America Compares the constitution of the Confederacy with the U.S. Constitution.
- Documenting the American South Compiles primary sources relating to the history, literature, and culture of the American South.
- The First White House of the Confederacy In 1861, this home, built by Mr. William Sayre in 1834, was rented as Jefferson Davis' residence.
- The Papers of Jefferson Davis Presents writings of Jefferson Davis who served as the only President of the Confederacy.
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Battles |
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- Antietam National Battlefield Tells the story of the bloodiest battle of the Civil War. In September of 1862, General Lee led his troops north. On September 17, he met George McClellan's troops here. 23,000 soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing within 12 hours of fighting.
- Antietam on the Web Provides links about the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) which took place on September 17, 1862.
- Appomattox Court House Discusses the final campaign between Lee and Grant and Lee’s surrender.
- Articles of Agreement Relating to the Surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia Presents the agreement made between Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee on the surrender of Lee's troops.
- Battle of Atlanta Chronicles the history of Atlanta during the Civil War and its fall to Union General William T. Sherman in 1864.
- Battle of Franklin Trust Tells the story of the Battle of Franklin on November 30, 1864. Includes the Canton Plantation which was used as a hospital and the Carter House where the family hid in the cellar during the battle.
- Bennett Place The home of James and Nancy Bennett where General Sherman and General Johnston reached an agreement which surrendered 89,270 Confederate soldiers.
- Bentonville Battlefield The Battle of Bentonville took place on March 19-21, 1865 in Bentonville, North Carolina and was the last major Confederate offensive against Sherman's army.
- Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site On June 10, 1864, Confederate Major General Nathan Bedford Forrest won the battle at this site against Brigadier General Samuel D. Sturgis.
- Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park Chronicles the history of the Shenandoah Valley especially the Battle of Cedar Creek. On October 19, 1864, Confederate forces led by Lt. Gen. Jubal Early surprised Union forces with an attack putting them in retreat. Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan counterattacked and was able to take back ground and pushed the Confederates back.
- Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Describes the battles fought in the fall of 1863 to gain control over the Chattanooga River. The Confederate forces won at first but Union troops would later push them back.
- Civil War Defenses of Washington Describes the 19 out of 68 forts that were built to defend Washington D.C. during the Civil War.
- CSS Neuse and Governor Caswell Memorial The CSS Neuse was a Confederate ironclad that tried to protect the Neuse River until its destruction in March, 1865. Richard Caswell was the first governor on North Carolina and delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses.
- 54th Regiment! Highlights the Massachusetts 54th Regiment led by Robert Gould Shaw and made up by African Americans during the Civil War, from the Massachusetts Historical Society.
- Fort Donelson National Battlefield On February 2, 1862, Confederate General Simon B. Buckner surrendered to Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grant paving the way for the Union Army to take Clarksville and Nashville.
- Fort Fisher Describes the history of this Confederate fort that protected supply lines until it fell in 1865.
- Fort Monroe National Monument At the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, during the Civil War this fort became known as the "Fortress of Freedom" after May 23, 1861, three slaves escaped and went to the Union held fort. General Benjamin Butler refused to hand them back over claiming they were "contraband of war." More than 10,000 African Americans escaped to Fort Monroe during the war.
- Fort Pulaski National Monument Located on Cockspur Island at the mouth of the Savannah River in Georgia, For Pulaski's masonry walls were no match to the Union's rifled cannon when it came under attack in 1862.
- Fort Sumter National Monument Describes the fort in Charleston, South Carolina where the first shots of the Civil War were targeted on April 12, 1861, from the National Park Service.
- Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park Profiles the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, and Spotsylvania, from the National Park Service.
- Friends of the Hunley Learn about the HL Hunley, the Confederate’s submarine including how it was rediscovered and brought back up.
- Gettysburg Foundation Contains descriptions of the battle of Gettysburg, who fought in it, and Lincoln's famous address.
- Gettysburg National Military Park Tells the story of the Battle of Gettysburg where Union troops met up with General Lee's invading army July 1-3, 1863.
- Gettysburg Seminary Ridge Museum Explores the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg on July 1, 1863 and more.
- Battle of Glorieta Pass Part of the Pecos National Historical Park, describes the South's attempt to gain control of the west and the battle in March of 1862.
- Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Sherman's troops battled with Johnston's troops from June 19 through July 2, 1864 resulting in Sherman marching into Atlanta.
- Lotz House Museum Built in 1858 by German piano maker, Johann Albert Lotz, it became involved in the Civil War when the Battle of Franklin took place on November 30, 1864.
- Manassas National Battlefield Park Depicts the two battles that took place during the Civil War on the the fields of Manassas: July 21, 1861 (the very first battle of the war) and August, 1862, from the National Park Service.
- Mill Springs Battlefield National Monument Preserves the battlefield where the Union Army had its first major victory on January 19, 1862.
- Mine Creek Battle - October 25, 1864 The Kansapedia describes the cavalry battle at Mine Creek in Kansas where the Union was able to push the Confederates back.
- Monocacy National Battlefield In 1864, the Confederacy planned to influence the 1864 election by taking Washington D.C. On July 9, 1984, Confederate troops were met by Union troops at Monocacy, Maryland. This battle allowed enough time for reinforcements to reach Washington D.C. preventing a Confederate assault on the Capital.
- Pea Ridge National Military Park Chronicles the Civil War battle that occurred on March 7-8, 1862 that kept Missouri in the Union.
- Petersburg National Battlefield Park Discusses the nine and a half month siege of Petersburg, Virginia.
- Richmond National Battlefield Park Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy, so numerous times during the war it was a target. After its fall, President Lincoln and his son, Tad, paid a visit to Richmond. The park highlights Chimborazo Hospital and battlefields including Cold Harbor, Drewry's Bluff, Fort Harrison, Chaffin's Farm, Totopotomoy Creek, and New Market Heights.
- Shenandoah Valley Battlefields National Historic District Eight counties in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley that protects historic Civil War sites.
- Shiloh National Military Park Chronicles the battle that took place at Shiloh on April 6-7, 1862 when Confederate General Johnston attacked Grant's forces. Park includes parts of Mississippi.
- Spring Hill Battlefield Tells the story of the battle at Spring Hill, Tennessee on November 29, 1864.
- Stone River National Battlefield Tells the story about the Union victory at Stone River on December 31, 1862 - January 2, 1863.
- Telegram Announcing the Surrender of Fort Sumter That National Archives presents a digital image of Major Robert Anderson's telegram informing the Secretary of War the surrender of Fort Sumter.
- Tupelo National Battlefield Narrates the Union attack on Confederate troops on July 14-15, 1864 in Tupelo, Mississippi.
- USS Monitor Center Learn about the history of the Ironclad USS Monitor from the Mariner’s Museum and Park.
- Vicksburg National Military Park Discusses Grant's 47 day siege of Vicksburg which resulted in the Union gaining control over the Mississippi River.
- Virtual Museum Exhibit at Vicksburg National Military Park Tells the story of the Vicksburg Siege, why it was an important Union victory, and includes the USS Cairo Gunboat and Museum.
- War Department General Order 143: Creation of the U.S. Colored Troops (1863) The order the established regiments of African American troops for the Union Army.
- Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield Describes the first major battle to take place west of the Mississippi River took place here on August 10, 1861.
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People |
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- Arlington House: The Robert E. Lee Memorial Explores the history of the Arlington House and the life of Robert E. Lee.
- George B. McClellan Summarizes the military career of Union General George McClellan.
- Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant Online version of the 1885-1886 printing of Grant's memoir of the Civil War, published by C.L. Webster.
- Stonewall Jackson Home Profiles the life of Confederate general Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and his home in Lexington, Virginia.
- Stratford Hall: Home of the Lees of Virginia The home of the Lee family, built by Thomas Lee. Includes profiles of prominent Lees including Richard Henry Lee, Francis Lightfoot Lee, Light Horse Harry Lee, and Robert E. Lee.
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Andrew Johnson, 1865-1869VICE PRESIDENT: Vacant
FIRST LADY: Eliza McCardle Johnson SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE
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ANDREW JOHNSON
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
HISTORIC EVENTS
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- Andrew Johnson The Miller Center provides biographical essays, facts, insights, speeches, and other resources about Andrew Johnson.
- Andrew Johnson Lists biographical facts, Cabinet members, notable events, online biographies, historical documents, and other resources.
- Andrew Johnson: The 17th President of the United States The White House summarizes the life and presidency of Andrew Johnson.
- Andrew Johnson National Historic site The official website of President Andrew Johnson's home from the National Park Service provides a timeline of his life, his views on slavery and Reconstruction, his impeachment, and more.
- President Andrew Johnson Museum and Library Tells the story of Andrew Johnson and his family housed in the oldest building at Tusculum College in Tennessee.
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
- Andrew Johnson Papers The Library of Congress has digitalized the papers and biographical materials of Andrew Johnson including correspondence, diaries, speeches, and documents relating to his service as Representative, Senator, Vice President, and President of the United States.
HISTORIC EVENTS
- Andrew Johnson Impeachment Trial, 1868 Describes the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in 1868 with primary sources, biographies of key figures, images, and more.
- Check for the Purchase of Alaska (1868) Presents a digital copy of the canceled check used to purchase Alaska from Russia.
- Chinese Railroad Workers in North America Describes the life of the Chinese who worked building the transcontinental railroad 1865-1869, from Stanford University.
- Edwin Stanton Profiles the life of Edwin Stanton who served as Attorney General under Buchanan and Secretary of War under Lincoln and Johnson.
- The Fourteenth Amendment Provides the text of the amendment and an interpretation of it.
- Reconstruction Era National Monument Discusses the aftermath of the Civil War in South Carolina: its return to the Union, adapting to the end of slavery, and rebuilding.
- The Thirteenth Amendment Discusses the Thirteenth Amendment that abolishes slavery which was ratified in 1865.
- Thomas Edison House Museum Profiles the inventor Thomas Edison when he lived in Louisville, Kentucky from 1866-1867.
- Treaty with Russia for the Purchase of Alaska Provides links to resources, including the text of the treaty, about the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867.
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Ulysses S. Grant, 1869-1877VICE PRESIDENTS
SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE
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ULYSSES S. GRANT
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
HISTORIC EVENTS
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- General Grant National Memorial Profiles Ulysses S. Grant and the history of his final resting place.
- Ulysses S. Grant The Miller Center provides biographical essays, facts, insights, speeches, and other resources.
- Ulysses S. Grant Lists biographical facts, election results, Cabinet members, notable events, online biographies, historical documents, and other resources.
- Ulysses S. Grant: The 18th President of the United States The White House summarizes the life and presidency of Ulysses S. Grant.
- Ulysses S. Grant Home Contains a brief biography of President Grant and information about his home in Galena, Illinois.
- Ulysses S. Grant Homepage Provides a biography of Ulysses S. Grant who served as general of the Union forces in the Civil War and as President of the United States.
- Ulysses S. Grant Information Center A comprehensive look at the life and times of Ulysses S. Grant.
- Ulysses S. Grant National Historic Site White Haven was the Missouri home of the Dents. Ulysses S. Grant and his wife, Julia Dent, lived here 1854 - 1859. Profiles Grant and his wife and discusses slavery on the property.
- Ulysses S. Grant Presidential Library Presents a biography of Ulysses S. Grant as well as digital access to his papers and other documents from the era.
- U.S. Grant Birthplace Profiles Civil War General and President, Ulysses S. Grant and his Point Pleasant, Ohio childhood home.
- U.S. Grant Cottage Describes the history of the New York cottage where Grant lived after his presidency and where he wrote his memoirs.
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
- Ulysses S. Grant Papers The Library of Congress has digitalized the papers and biographical material of Ulysses S. Grant including correspondence, speeches, records, and documents related to his military career and as President of the United States.
- Ulysses S. Grant's First Inaugural Address
- Ulysses S. Grant's Second Inaugural Address
HISTORIC EVENTS
- Black Friday, September 24, 1869 Explains the scandal involving Jay Gould and Jim Fisk that caused the U.S. gold market to collapse on September 24, 1869, from PBS.
- Centennial Exposition Digital Collection Provides information and photographs of the exposition in Philadelphia in 1876 celebrating the 100th birthday of the United States.
- The Credit Mobilier Scandal Briefly summarizes the scandal that broke in 1872 in the House of Representatives where members were profiting from bonds from a railroad construction company.
- The Fifteenth Amendment Presents the text of the amendment and an interpretation of it.
- Golden Spike National Historic Site This is the site in Utah where the transcontinental railroad came together.
- Great Chicago Fire: Web of Memory From the Chicago History Museum and Northwestern University, this site explores the fateful night of October 8, 1871 and includes eyewitness accounts, photos of artifacts, and more.
- History and Art of the Department of Justice On July 1, 1870 the Department of Justice was established. Here you can view profiles of the individuals who served as Attorney General, learn about the artwork on the walls of the Robert F. Kennedy Main Justice Building, and discover the history behind the department's seal and motto.
- The Klu Klux Klan Act of 1871 Summarizes the act passed and signed into law in 1871 that gave the federal government authority to protect African Americans their right to vote.
- Little Bighorn Battlefield Describes the battle that took place on June 25-25, 1876 between Lakota and Cheyenne warriors and U.S. troops led by Lt. Col. George A. Custer, from the National Park Service.
- The Panic of 1873 Briefly discusses the economic conditions in the United States during Grant's second term as president, from PBS.
- The Rise and Fall of Boss Tweed's Tammany Hall Tells the story of William "Boss" Tweed's rise to power in New York and his downfall in 1871.
- Telephone Tribute Explores the history of the telephone and more.
- The Trial of Susan B. Anthony A comprehensive look at the 1873 trial of Susan B. Anthony for casting a vote illegally.
- War Secretary's Impeachment Trial Summarizes the 1876 impeachment trial of War Secretary William Belknap for receiving payments of over $20,000 after making an appointment.
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Rutherford Hayes, 1877-1881VICE PRESIDENT - William A. Wheeler
FIRST LADY - Lucy Ware Webb Hayes SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE
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RUTHERFORD B. HAYES
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
HISTORIC EVENTS
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- Rutherford B. Hayes The Miller Center provides biographical essays, facts, insights, speeches, and other resources about Rutherford Hayes.
- Rutherford B. Hayes Lists biographical data, election results, Cabinet members, notable events, online biographies. historical documents, and other resources.
- Rutherford B. Hayes: The 19th President of the United States The White House summarizes the life and presidency of Rutherford Hayes.
- Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library and Museums Here you can learn about President Hayes and his family. You can even view his journals and letters.
SPEECHES AND PAPERS
HISTORIC EVENTS
- Big Hole National Battlefield Describes the events that took place on August 9, 1877 when U.S. troops attacked a Nez Perce camp killing 60-90 men, women, and children.
- Edison National Historic Site From the National Park Service, here you can learn about Thomas Alva Edison and all of his inventions.
- Finding Precedent: Hayes vs. Tilden: The Electoral College Controversy of 1876-1877 Explains the controversy of the 1876 election where Tilden clearly won the popular vote but the question was who won the Electoral College vote?
- Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Tells the story of the 1877 railroad strike that turned deadly when federal troops clashed with strikers.
- History of the Salvation Army Explores the history of the Salvation Army from its founding in London by William Booth and its beginning in the United States by Eliza Shirley in 1879.
- The Knights of Labor Chronicles the history of the Knights of Labor, the first major labor union in the United States.
- Roscoe Conkling Profiles the New York Senator who rose up against President Hayes over his re-organization of the New York Custom-House in 1877.
- Thomas Edison Center at Menlo Park Profiles the life and inventions of Thomas Edison.
- Thomas Edison's Patent Application for the Light Bulb (1880) The National Archives presents Thomas Edison's application for a patent for his incandescent light bulb.
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